7. Database and record structure

Citation 9 RefWorks (web based) Biblioscape Bookends Library Master Procite EndNote Reference Manager -
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Database and record structure

A -  Database and record organization

Cit: one main tagged text file that can be even edited as such. Vertical structure: database -> record -> fields (formatting output can recognize part of  authors' names). Notes records are notecards to store quotations and comments; they are different from bib. records which they are "linked" to. Notes usually follow the parent record and share part of its ID "Cite key" as "Note ID" but there is not any software link between the two entities. Notes have special fields, can be cited in a manuscript and can be retrieved as a given RT RW: completely hidden (transparent) to the user (SQL tables based) Bscp: unlike all the other packages analyzed here Biblioscape is a completely relational database.
The Reference (Bibliographic) module has got main tables for bib. records, authors,  keywords, journal titles. (Any single database is made up of some 40 files: since 
Notes (Free text), Tasks, Charts (graphs) are separate modules, each has got its own table. Horizontal and vertical links are possible, see below.
No subfields.
(Library module is not reviewed here)
BK: only vertical: Database -> Record -> Fields
-> Subfields for: first names and qualifications; can extract just the four digits year and sort on it within a date like: 021103 or 02-11-03 not as September, 20, 2002; recognizes issue within Volume field
LM: only vertical: Database -> Record -> Fields -> Subfields (where available: automatic and limited: names, dates) Pr: only vertical: Database -> Record -> Fields -> Subfields (where available: automatic and limited: names, dates, call numbers) En: only vertical: Database -> Record -> Fields -> Subfields (in personal names only: surname, name, suffix) RM: only vertical: Database -> Record -> Fields -> Subfields only in personal names (surname, the rest of the name)

B - Horizontal links: between databases, between records, between list entries

Cit: no; (see above Notes) RW: not between databases  (folders are virtual sets, pointers to records without physical duplication); not x-refs between list entries, but given the www hypertextual structure you can navigate from one record to another via the list terms (authors, keywords etc.) Bscp: yes (not between different Bibliographic databases) between bibliographic records, Notes, Tasks, Charts BK: no (but several type of groups groups, and marked records, are pointers to records without physical duplication) LM: no (but "subsets", and marked records are pointer to records without physical duplication) Pr: no (but "groups", and marked records are pointer to records without physical duplication) En: no RM: only term synonyms in the 3 indexes (authors, kw, periodicals) : searching for one synonym is searching for all the connected terms (but "reference indexes" and marked records are pointers to records without physical duplication)

C -  Hierarchical links (es. thesaurus, mother/sons records, text/notecards)

Cit: no RW: no Bscp: bib. records can be linked in uni-bidrectional way via 4 types of relationship + n custom (and comment) not in a hierarchical way; list terms cannot be interlinked in a thesaurus-like manner; Notes (free text) can be linked to any other resource (bib. record, task, chart, URL, file) and viceversa, and can have hierarchical tree among notes BK: no (term lists collecting data from fields are available) LM: no

fields can generate indexes which are exclusive to the generator field, entirely derived from it (i.e. automatically created and updated); cannot be directly edited. Any field data and term list contents (sort of look-up) can be "crossed" in output to replace text: string + abbreviation(s)

Pr: no

some fields generate indexes which are entirely derived (automatically created and updated), cannot be directly edited. Field data and list contents (sort of look-up) can be "crossed" in output to replace text: string + alternate.txt; journal field + any journal.lst

En: no

Term Lists can be regarded as autonomous (see dedicated section): their content can be imported from external text lists, updated from records, derived from different fields, directly edited. Field data and periodical title list can be crossed in output: e.g. secondary journal title (with up to three abbreviations) can replace text entered in records Journal field 

RM: no

some fields generate lists which are not only derived (i.e. automatically created and updated from record contents), for they can have independent entries and synonyms and can be directly edited

D - Ready, predefined record structure: features of reference types

Cit: yes. Across RTs, fields are identified by a two digit ID stored in the Forms.def TXT file, where you can create more RTs by simply adding specifications; fields external name and position within RT can be changed; Full-Generic RT bears names used in search; output style identify fields via a two letters code attached to the numeric ID; if a field is deleted from RT, or RT of a given record is changed in to a non-matching type, existing field content is lost; Fields have got attributes that keep across RTs despite external names, e.g.: look-up lists; multi-value (only "authors" and keywords); special formatting (pages, names, use of abbreviations for journals and publishers) ... see above A - for Notes RW: yes. Actually the workform is only one, containing all the ... fields and when it is opened it includes an output style. Fields are ticked (by the Accucite feature: accurate citing) to show which ones will be considered by the output style being used Bscp: yes. Fields are identified by number and name in the db structure (and described in each RT by appropriate document type name); fields have got attributes, e.g.: data type (numeric, alphabetic, date, memo etc.), size, required, primary or secondary index ... ;
2 yes, attributes can be changed via external DBSys.exe utility; 3 yes.
Two edit modes-windows: 1 User defined fields, 2 All fields. In User defined only fields related to the particular RT are displayed (no more than one scrolling line per field); in All fields, any field is displayed and available for input, though dimmed if not included in the RT, Memo fields can have a large window for inputting data
BK: yes, according to RT-Reference types. RT (entry/display workform): 17 + 10 user customizable, all have the same fields with different names.
Fields: 18 basic identified by code; fields may have got properties such as : repeatable (multiple: authors, keywords), linked to a term table, to the journals glossaries, allowing specific formatting options; ("Drawer" fields are supplementary fields: plain text not linked to term lists) + 16 user definable fields;
fields may change name but not code, position or attributes within the RT
LM: yes

Structure belongs to each individual database.
Also Database templates are supplied for bibliographic research databases, library catalogs, mail lists, note taking databases, etc. and can be custom designed. fields are identified by name; fields are identified by name; any field has got properties such as : content type (text, number, name, date, call number, literature reference sources); features : repeatable (multiple), required, unique, validate new entry, ignore leading words in searching and sorting, linked to a term table (plus : only tables terms allowed, expand abbreviations if contained), indexed for faster search; fields come with predefined properties but user can change, add, port to other fields; field properties are automatically the same in all RTs (i.e. if subjects field is required, it will so through articles, thesis, computer programs etc.)

if a field is deleted from RT, or RT is changed to a non-matching type, existing field content is lost;
as fields are identified by name, when fields names are changed in RT, styles are affected and must be manually fixed; also searching and global replace must take into account new names 

Pr: yes according to RT as input workform: individual files that can be shared among different databases (or you might keep them in different folders), if you move the database, you should also copy the workform files.
Fields bear "step" displayed name; fields are identified by a number which determinates their position: number is fixed across all the workforms; some fields (names, titles, dates, pages, URL, keywords, call number) have, to a different extent, properties -such as internal coding, indexing, output formatting, sort, searching...- that cannot lose or transfer to other fields;
2: yes, given abovementioned constraints, can add, delete, move, rename fields; attributes cannot be changed 

e.g. '5' is either "data file" or "medium designator" or "map type" in 3 different workforms: Data file, Newspaper, Map; if RT "Newspaper" -whereby 5 is "medium designator"- gets changed to "Journal Short form" which lacks 5, then 5 stays there with its content but no name, just number and can be edited;
no numeric fields apart from RN for sorting; internal pub. date format, Call number for sorting; if fields names are changed in workforms, styles are affected and must be manually fixed, searching and global editing are not

En: yes, according to RT-reference types + other default preferences they are all automatically shared among different databases on the same computer, separately  for each PC user, see above "Files".
fields bear "step" displayed name; fields are identified by the position they hold in the Generic RT, fixed across all reference types; some fields (e.g. names, journal titles, pages, URL, keywords, figure, caption) have peculiarities (internal coding, indexing for fast search, output formatting, sort...) that cannot loose or lend to other fields; but the link between a term list and a field is customizable 

when a field is deleted from RT (or mismatched), existing content is put to the corresponding Generic RT field; no numeric fields apart from RN for sorting; if fields names are changed in RT, styles are automatically updated, searching and global editing are not affected 

RM: yes, according to RT  reference types which  belong to each database. fields bear a label as "step" displayed name; fields are identified by a number which does not imply a fixed position: number is fixed across all the RT; some fields (names, journal/periodical titles, dates, pages, link to URL etc., kw) have, to a different extent, properties (internal coding, indexing, output formatting, sort, searching, launch application...) that cannot lose or transfer to other fields  

E - Number of record types and input worksheets

Cit: 70 shipped in the Standard edition + 1 Generic (quantity and tyoe change in the  more copious Legal edition) RW: 31 Bscp: 27 BK: 17 + 10 user customizable LM50 Pr: 39 En38 + 1 Generic + 3 Unused empty RM: max 37 fields allowed (of which: 5 user defined + 3 miscellaneous; all user-defined fields are URL and file path compatible)

F - Can modify the exisiting record types (apart from changing name) and create extra

Cit yes,  within RT, can exclude / include different fields, change their position; yes can create extra RT RW odifications are related to the output style being used: include/exclude fields and help i.e. fields comments that can be added to any field; cannot create extra Bscpcan change inclusion, position of fields in RT; no, cannot create extra BK no;  cannot create extra LM: yes Pr:  yes ( n, each is a file) Enone can only add, delete, rename fields to a RT within the exisiting family; but attributes cannot be changed --apart from linking a field to a term list ; cannot create extra RM: can add, delete, move (by dragging on the RT and fields edit window), rename fields within the existing family; their attributes cannot be changed; cannot create extra

G - Number of fields per record

Cit: 25 (1 RT + 24 + type of record + 1 custom; quantity and type change  in the more copious  Legal edition)
RW: 51 (46+5 user defined) + RedID, RT, attachments Bscp: ca 70 (whose attributes can be customized via external utility DBSys) including 6 Custom and some 10 for date, creator stamping, Palm sync BK: 18 + type of record (all workforms/RTs have the same fields: only names change) + 12 supplementary (out of which 6 are user defined) LM: 65 Pr: 45 En: max 52: (45 + 7 user definable all of variable length) + 1 record number + 1 record type RM: 37 (32+5 user defined)

H - Can create extra fields

Cit: no RWno Bscpno BK: no, can only change their name LM: yes (deeply, i.e. also fields attributes) Prno En: no RM: no

I - Fields attributes can be changed; can be applied to other fields

Cit: no RW: no Bscp: yes, some within Biblioscape, some via external DBSys utility (with a few limitations: e.g. length can be modified only for "chars" fields, lookup list for data input are available only for certain fields and this cannot be modified, real multi-value fields are only authors and keywords ...) BK: no, but almost any field can become the basis for a new term list LM: yes Pr: no En: no

the attribute 'field linked to a term list' is customizable insofar as a field can be included in only one list to be chosen, while a list can include more fields

RM: no

but can always decide whether input in a given field is mandatory or not

J -  Multi-value fields allowed

Cit: yes (names, keywords) RW: several (among which authors, translators, descriptors ...) Bscp: authors, keywords BK: yes, authors, editors, keywords (output display can recognize first name and other names occurrences) LM: present (output display can recognize also first last and all other occurrences);  Pr: Output display recognizes names and kw; automatic indexes recognize only names and kw (not the titles); sort in subject bibliography recognizes any field, provided separators are present
En: yes, always names (authors, translators etc.), and kw in: indexing, sorting the first author, output including subject bibliographies; lists can recognize different separators in every single field (<CR> is always accepted)
RM: names, kw, fields for URLs and other external resources

K - Record number
  1   - system assigned
  2   - reserved, cannot be altered
  3   - user assigned
  4   - allows duplicate numbers
  5   - renumbering
  6   - is a sortable field
  7   - is a searchable field
  8   - can be displayed in printed output
  9   - reuse deleted numbers
  10   - can be alphanumeric

Cit: automatically system assigned, renumberd when a record is deleted, only numeric; can be displayed in printed output; it is not a sort criterion or a searchable field

RW: system assigned and reserved; it is a  sortable and searchable field and it can be displayed in output

Bscp: system assigned, reserved cannot be altered; it acts as Ref Id, numeric primary index. Cannot be modified or reused if a record is deleted BK: two record numbers. First automatically assigned, can decrease if  references are deleted. Second automatically randomly assigned (and will change when copied to another database if it conflicts against existing one), can be modified by user. The second identifies the record LM: system assigned, reserved can't be modified, renumbering is possible; can be used for sort, search and display; can reuse deleted ones Pr: system assigned or user assigned if wanted; allows for duplicates; renumbering is possible;  can be used for sort, search and display; reuse deleted; can be alphanumeric when manually created En: system assigned; reserved; record numbers change to avoid duplicates when records are added or copied amd then renumbered; the same for output and for sorting the database list; it is searchable; can be displayed in output

RM: system assigned and also user controlled, both: either a) numeric, or b) author-date (more records of same author/same year automatically get alphabetic identifiers); renumbered when copied to another database with records bearing same numbers; it is a field that can be used in sorting, searching and display; alphanumeric when author-date
Citation 9 RefWorks (web based) Biblioscape Bookends Library Master Procite EndNote Reference Manager -
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